Vitamin to lose weight
Secondary vitamin A deficiency is associated with chronic malabsorption of lipids, impaired bile production and release, and chronic exposure to oxidants, such as cigarette smoke, and chronic alcoholism. Further information: Vitamin C and the common cold. A study in rats and humans suggested that adding Vitamin C supplements to an exercise training program lowered the expected effect of training on VO2 Max. Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and L -ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. Vitamin A deficiency can occur as either a primary or a secondary deficiency. All forms of vitamin A have a beta-ionone ring to which an isoprenoid chain is attached, called a retinyl group. With the higher doses, toxic manifestations were observed in five adults and four infants. The signs and symptoms in adults were nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flushing of the face, headache, fatigue and disturbed sleep. The carotenoid beta- cryptoxanthin possesses an ionone group and has vitamin activity in humans. Retinol, the form of vitamin A absorbed when eating animal food sources, is a yellow, fat-soluble substance. Ascorbate and ascorbic acid are both naturally present in the body when either of these is introduced into cells, since the forms interconvert according to pH. Alpha-carotene and gamma-carotene also have a single retinyl group, which give them some vitamin activity. Early weaning from breastmilk can also increase the risk of vitamin A deficiency. Ascorbate is required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for certain animals including humans.
Although the results in humans were not statistically significant, this study is often cited as evidence that high doses of Vitamin C have an adverse effect on exercise performance. Ascorbate is also not synthesized by many species of birds and fish. A primary vitamin A deficiency occurs among children and adults who do not consume an adequate intake of provitamin A carotenoids from fruits and vegetables or preformed vitamin A from animal and dairy products. In foods of animal origin, the major form of vitamin A is an ester, primarily retinyl palmitate, which is converted to retinol (chemically an alcohol ) in the small intestine. This article is about the family of vitamers. All species that do not synthesize ascorbate require it in the diet. Vitamin C describes several vitamers that have vitamin C activity in animals, including ascorbic acid and its salts, and some oxidized forms of the molecule like dehydroascorbic acid. Since the pure alcohol form is unstable, the vitamin is found in tissues in a form of retinyl ester. In a group of spontaneously aborting women at the end of the first trimester, the mean values of vitamin C were significantly higher in the aborting group. Relatively large doses of ascorbic acid may cause indigestion, particularly when taken on an empty stomach. The biological role of ascorbate is to act as a reducing agent, donating electrons to various enzymatic and a few non-enzymatic reactions. The retinol form functions as a storage form of the vitamin, and can be converted to and from its visually active aldehyde form, retinal. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin and depends on micellar solubilization for dispersion into the small intestine, which results in poor use of vitamin A from low-fat diets. Vitamin A can be found in two principal forms in foods. Chemical structure of retinol, one of the major forms of vitamin A. None of the other carotenes have vitamin activity. Two meta-analyses evaluated the effect of vitamin C supplementation on the risk of colorectal cancer. For the form usually used as a supplement, see Retinol.
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